Pat Dollard

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BERLIN | The Swiss are set to vote Sunday on a referendum that would limit the right to bear arms and upend centuries of tradition of civilians keeping military weapons at home in Europe’s most gun-friendly nation.

If approved, the referendum would force military reservists to store their government-issued weapons in secure public arsenals. It also would create a national registry for all guns and ban private ownership of weapons defined as highly dangerous, such as pump-action and fully automatic weapons.

The issue clearly has touched a nerve and set off an emotionally charged debate over what it means to be Swiss.

“Security and neutrality are rooted deeply in our feeling of identity,” said Lukas Golder, a senior project leader at the gfs.bern research institute, which conducts polls before and after elections in Switzerland. “Security and our peaceful history — these elements probably make Switzerland a bit unique. So this [referendum] touches on the very issue of Swiss identity.”

One in every three households in Switzerland has a gun, making it the country with the third highest number of firearms per capita, behind the U.S. and Yemen, according to Small Arms Survey, an independent research project based in Geneva.

Opposition is fierce in a nation that has long cherished and protected fairly liberal weapons laws, in stark contrast to its European neighbors.

“These guns belong to the Swiss people,” said Urban Huppi, who runs a sport-shooting facility called Bruenig Indoor in the village of Lungern. “We’re just like car lovers. We take good care of our weapons. If someone tries to lay a hand on them, we don’t like it. You wouldn’t like it either if it were your car.”

Unlike the United States, Switzerland — a landlocked nation with a population of about 7.6 million — relies on a well-armed militia of reservists for national defense instead of a standing army. Those reservists — all able-bodied male citizens younger than 34 — are allowed to keep their guns at home.

The tradition dates back more than 800 years, but it was cemented in Swiss history during World War II. Then, the fear of attack on neutral Switzerland prompted officials to create a flexible militia, in which every man was responsible for mobilizing quickly.

But referendum supporters say it won’t affect military readiness. “There is no actual scenario now that requires a soldier to have his weapon at home in order to fight the enemy,” said Green Party legislator Josef Lang, a member of the committee pushing the referendum.
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